Tinea Capitis at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, Morocco: Epidemiological and Etiological Study Over 25 Years (From 1997 to 2021).

Introduction/Objective In Morocco, tinea capitis is a common reason for consultation, especially in children. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of tinea capitis in the Central Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology at the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (UHC) in Rabat. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted over 25 years (from 1997 to 2021). It included 247 patients with lesions suggestive of tinea capitis, who underwent a mycological examination. Results Among 594 requests for the diagnosis of tinea capitis, 247 cases were positive. A clear predominance of children (86.23%; n=213) as compared to adults (13.77%; n=34) was observed. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.77. Hair parasitism was mainly dominated by the pure endothrix type 54.47% (n=122). The two most frequently isolated species were Trichophyton violaceum (51.24%; n=125) and Microsporum canis (36.06%; n=88). In children, these two species represented 47.42% (n=101) and 41.31% (n=88), respectively. In adults, Trichophyton violaceum was the predominant species, accounting for 77.42% (n=24); in females, it was 76.41% (n=68); and Microsporum canis was predominant in males (50.32%; n=78). Conclusion The epidemiology of this condition is in a constant state of flux, influenced by various lifestyle factors. Our research unveiled a notable upward trend in zoophilic species over the 25-year study period, while conversely, anthropophilic species demonstrated a discernible decline.

A Rare Case of a Retroperitoneal Abscess Due to Trichosporon spp. in an Immunocompetent Patient.

This report discusses a rare case of retroperitoneal infection caused by Trichosporon spp. in a 68-year-old immunocompetent woman following a nephrectomy. Trichosporon spp. was identified through meticulous mycological examination. This case challenges the typical association of Trichosporon infections with immunocompromised patients, emphasizing its potential pathogenicity in immunocompetent individuals. The importance of accurate identification, especially in postoperative infections and broad-spectrum antibiotic contexts, is highlighted, emphasizing the need for a thorough diagnostic approach in such cases.

[Hydatidosis of psoas muscle revealed by vascular axis compression in lower limb: About one case at the Ibn Sina University hospital, Rabat, Morocco]. / Hydatidose du muscle psoas révélée par une compression de l'axe vasculaire du membre inférieur : À propos d'un cas au Centre hospitalier universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc.

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It's a real public health problem in Morocco. Muscle localization is unusual, even in endemic countries. We report a rarely described case of a hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle diagnosed in our laboratory. Case report: The patient was a 32-year-old male, living in a rural area. He reported a contact with dogs. He was admitted in vascular surgery department for left hypochondrium pain, with heaviness of the left lower limb and appearance of varicose veins. Clinical examination has found a huge painful and hard mass of the left flank arriving to the hypogastrium with varicose veins of the left leg. An injected CT scan of the pelvic region showed a 189 x 137 mm cystic mass of the left psoas muscle reflowing left iliac vessels. This suggested hydatid cyst. No other localization was found. Hydatid serology was positive with an ELISA test and an indirect hemagglutination test. The patient underwent surgery to remove the mass. Several white vesicles of a few centimeters were found in the cyst and were sent to the parasitology laboratory. Microscopic examination has confirmed the presence of viable Echinococcus granulosus. The patient received albendazole 400 mg twice daily for only a month and was not seen for follow-up. One year after surgery, he showed the same symptoms of abdominal pain and heaviness. Recurrence of hydatid cysts in the same localization was diagnosed with ultrasound showing two hydatid cysts type 3 according to Gharbi classification. Discussion: Diagnosis of all hydatidosis localizations is based on epidemiological, clinical, and radiological data and confirmed by serology and parasitological examination of the surgical specimen. Surgery is then a diagnostic and therapeutic tool that cannot be bypassed since it allows the definitive elimination of the parasite and eviction of recurrence if it's well done. Conservative methods are related to recurrent cysts. Conclusion: Muscle hydatidosis is extremely rare but should not be forgotten when radiological and epidemiological data suggest it. It's a benign infection but can be severe and deadly if not appropriately treated.

[Nasal myiasis due to lucilia sp. in intubated patient: about one case in Morocco]. / Myiase nasale à lucilia sp. chez un patient intubé : à propos d'un cas au Maroc.

Introduction: Myiasis is the infestation of living bodies of animals and humans with fly larvae or maggots. These accidental or obligatory parasites grow in three stages in the host while feeding on his tissues. Myiasis in a hospital area is a rare situation when flies accidentally lay their eggs on patients, mostly in open wounds or cavities. Case presentation. We report a case of a 72-year-old patient admitted to a general surgery department for peritonitis, then to an intensive care unit (ICU) for septic shock where he was intubated. Some maggots were seen moving in his nasal cavity a few days after his admission and were sent to our laboratory for examination. The larvae were identified as the third larval stage of Lucilia sp. They were removed entirely after intense nasal washing. A checking examination of his nasal cavities revealed no evidence of further infestation. After nasal washing, no other larvae were seen but unfortunately, the patient died of septic shock a few days later. Discussion: Few cases of nasal myiasis in hospitalized patients were reported. ICU myiasis, extremely rare, is caused by the patient's inability to fend off the flies because of their conscious state, presence of blood or odors caused by infections, and the warm humid environment. Conclusion: Myiasis in intensive care unit is a delicate situation that might be underreported. Preventing this infection is directly related to the control of the flies.

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Aureobasidium Pullulans in an immunocompetent carpenter.

Phaeohyphomycosis refers to uncommon infections due to a large group of heterogeneous organisms called "dematiaceous fungi". Here, we report a rare case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent carpenter, presenting as multiple verrucous and confluent papulo-nodules of the right leg, and likely due to traumatic inoculation. The pathogenic fungal species was identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, according to macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of the colonies. Surgical excision of the entire lesion and adjunctive antifungal therapy was curative.

[Hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle: about a case]. / Kyste hydatique du muscle psoas: à propos d'un cas.

The psoas muscle is an uncommon location for hydatid cyst. Our study reports the case of a 32-year-old patient with hydatid cyst located at the left psoas muscle. Ultrasound, CT scan as well as a positive hydatid serology contributed to the preoperative diagnosis. The patient underwent left pararectal incision (Jalaguier). Microscopic examination of the hydatid liquid pellet highlighted scolices and many hooks confirming the diagnosis. The evolution was good with no recurrence after surgical treatment.

[Epidemiological profile of echinococcosis in Morocco from 1980 to 2008]. / Profil épidémiologique de l'hydatidose au Maroc de 1980 à 2008.

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology and evolution of hydatidosis in Morocco. This is a descriptive and retrospective study over a period ranging from 1980 to 2008. The patient data were collected from the epidemiological bulletin issued by the Department of Epidemiology and Fight against Disease that report all cases operated for hydatidosis between 1980 and 1992, and from the annual reports of parasitic diseases published annually by the same department between 2003 and 2008. We identified 23512 cases of hydatidosis with an annual increase in the number of cases and their incidence. Hydatidosis is present on any area of Morocco, with an uneven distribution from one region to the other. It is mostly observed in patients from rural areas and a predominance of female cases is observed throughout the period of study (sex ratio M/F = 0.66). All age groups are affected with a predominance of young adults. The liver is the organ most affected followed by the location of lung. These results show that hydatidosis remains a major public health problem in Morocco. Continuous monitoring of the epidemiological situation is essential to assess the measures implemented to fight against this infection and to allow rehabilitation and adjustment of these measures in order to reduce the incidence of this disease.

[Hydatid disease of the spine: a case report]. / Hydatidose vertébrale : à propos d'une observation.

Hydatid disease of the spine is rare and has a poor prognosis, presenting both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The diagnosis is based on epidemiological, clinical, biological and radiological arguments. Treatment is primarily surgical. In this observation we report the case of a 45 years old man hospitalized for back pain with heaviness of lower limbs and upper sphincter disorders. Through this case we emphasize the role of the parasitological laboratory in the diagnosis and management of this disease.